Hydrogen is ... • 14 times lighter than air • Colorless and odorless, non-toxic • Non-flammable in pure form • Highly flammable with oxygen Gaseous up to -253 °C Liquid at -252 °C Solid at -259 °C Hydrogen was described by its discoverer Cavendish (1731, Nice – 1810, London) as “flammable air”. Chemist de Lavoisier (1743, Paris – 1794, Paris) baptized the gas “hydrogène”. 2.9% of the earth’s crust consists of hydrogen. 75% of the mass of our solar system is hydrogen. 90% of all atoms in the universe are hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen occurs in nature only in bound form, including in water (H2O), hydrocarbons such as natural gas, or crude oil, or in minerals. Hydrogen is key for future energy systems and can be used directly as an energy source, e.g., as a component for aircraft fuels. Green hydrogen Origin: Obtained from water through electrolysis using electricity from renewable energy sources. Carbon emissions: None Blue hydrogen Origin: Fossil natural gas Carbon emissions: Up to 90% can be stored Grey hydrogen Origin: Fossil natural gas Carbon emissions: About 10 t CO2 per ton of H2
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